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Whig history
Whig history (or Whig historiography) is the approach to historiography which presents the past as an inevitable progression towards ever greater liberty and enlightenment, culminating in modern forms of liberal democracy and constitutional monarchy. In general, Whig historians emphasize the rise of constitutional government, personal freedoms, and scientific progress. The term is often applied generally (and pejoratively) to histories that present the past as the inexorable march of progress towards enlightenment. The term is also used extensively in the history of science for historiography which focuses on the successful chain of theories and experiments that led to present-day science, while ignoring failed theories and dead ends.〔Ernst Mayr, "When is Historiography Whiggish?" in ''Journal of the History of Ideas,'' April 1990, Vol. 51 Issue 2, pp 301–309 (in JSTOR )〕 It is claimed that Whig history has many similarities with the Marxist–Leninist theory of history, which presupposes that humanity is moving through historical stages to the classless, egalitarian society to which communism aspires.〔David Parker, ''Revolutions and the revolutionary tradition in the West, 1560–1991''〕〔Stephen J. Lee, ''Aspects of British political history''〕
Whig history is a form of liberalism, putting its faith in the power of human reason to reshape society for the better, regardless of past history and tradition. It proposes the inevitable progress of mankind. Its opposite is conservative history or "Toryism."
==Terminology==
The British historian Herbert Butterfield coined the term "Whig history" in his short but influential book ''The Whig Interpretation of History'' (1931). It takes its name from the British Whigs, advocates of the power of Parliament, who opposed the Tories, advocates of the power of the king.
The term has been applied widely in historical disciplines outside of British history (the history of science, for example) to criticize any teleological (or goal-directed), hero-based, and transhistorical narrative. The abstract noun "Whiggishness" is sometimes used as a generic term for Whig historiography. Whig history has no direct relation to either the British Whig or American Whig parties, and should not be confused with "Whiggism", which is a political ideology. (The term "Whiggery" is ambiguous in contemporary usage: it may either mean party politics and ideology, or a general intellectual approach.)
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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